Maternal Near Miss in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may cause irreversible organ damage. Pregnancy with SLE may have severe life-threatening risks. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in patients with SLE and analyze the parameters that contributed to cases of greater severity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study from analysis of data retrieved from medical records of pregnant women with SLE treated at a University Hospital in Brazil. The pregnant women were divided in a control group without complications, a group with potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC), and a group with maternal near miss (MNM). RESULTS: The maternal near miss rate was 112.9 per 1,000 live births. The majority of PLTC (83.9%) and MNM (92.9%) cases had preterm deliveries with statistically significant increased risk compared with the control group (p = 0.0042; odds ratio [OR]: 12.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-96.6 for the MNM group and p = 0.0001; OR: 4.84; 95%CI: 2.2-10.8 for the PLTC group). Severe maternal morbidity increases the risk of longer hospitalization (p < 0.0001; OR: 18.8; 95%CI: 7.0-50.6 and p < 0.0001; OR: 158.17; 95%CI: 17.6-1424,2 for the PLTC and MNM groups, respectively), newborns with low birthweight (p = 0.0006; OR: 3.67; 95%CI: 1.7-7.9 and p = 0.0009; OR: 17.68; 95%CI: 2-153.6) for the PLTC and MNM groups, respectively] as well as renal diseases (PLTC [8.9%; 33/56; p = 0.0069] and MNM [78.6%; 11/14; p = 0.0026]). Maternal near miss cases presented increased risk for neonatal death (p = 0.0128; OR: 38.4; 95%CI: 3.3-440.3]), and stillbirth and miscarriage (p = 0.0011; OR: 7.68; 95%CI: 2.2-26.3]). CONCLUSION: Systemic lupus erythematosus was significantly associated with severe maternal morbidity, longer hospitalizations, and increased risk of poor obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

OBJETIVO: Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) pode causar danos irreversíveis aos órgãos. A gravidez com LES pode ter riscos para condições ameaçadoras à vida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de MMG em pacientes com LES e analisar os parâmetros que contribuíram para os casos de maior gravidade. MéTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo a partir da análise de dados obtidos de prontuários de gestantes com LES atendidas em um Hospital Universitário no Brasil. As gestantes foram divididas em grupo controle sem intercorrências, grupo com condições potencialmente ameaçadoras a vida (CPAV) e grupo com near miss materno (NMM). RESULTADOS: A taxa de NMM foi de 112,9 por 1.000 nascidos vivos. A maioria dos casos de CPAV (83,9%) e NMM (92,9%) teve partos prematuros com risco aumentado estatisticamente significativo em comparação com o grupo controle (p = 0,0042; odds ratio [OR]: 12,05; intervalo de confiança [IC]: 1,5­96,6 para o grupo NMM e p = 0,0001; OR: 4,84; IC95%: 2,2­10,8 para o grupo CPAV). MMG aumenta o risco de maior tempo de internação (p < 0,0001; OR: 18,8; IC95%: 7,0­50,6 e p < 0,0001; OR: 158,17; IC95%: 17,6­1424,2 para os grupos CPAV e NMM, respectivamente), recém-nascidos com baixo peso (p = 0,0006; OR: 3,67; IC95%: 1,7­7,9 e p = 0,0009; OR: 17,68; IC95%: 2­153,6 para os grupos CPAV e NMM, respectivamente), bem como doenças renais (CPAV: 58,9%; 33/56; p = 0,0069 e NMM: 78,6%; 11/14; p = 0,0026)]. Os casos de NMM apresentaram risco aumentado para óbito neonatal (p = 0,0128; OR: 38,4; IC95%: 3,3­440,3), natimorto e aborto espontâneo (p = 0,0011; OR: 7,68; IC95%: 2,2­26,3). CONCLUSãO: Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico foi significativamente associado à morbidade materna grave, internações mais longas e risco aumentado de desfechos obstétricos e neonatais ruins.

Maternal Near Miss in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / Near miss materno em pacientes com lupus eritematoso sistêmico

Abstract Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may cause irreversible organ damage. Pregnancy with SLE may have severe life-threatening risks. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in patients with SLE and analyze the parameters that contributed to cases of greater severity. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective study from analysis of data retrieved from medical records of pregnant women with SLE treated at a University Hospital in Brazil. The pregnant women were divided in a control group without complications, a group with potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC), and a group with maternal near miss (MNM). Results The maternal near miss rate was 112.9 per 1,000 live births. The majority of PLTC (83.9%) and MNM (92.9%) cases had preterm deliveries with statistically significant increased risk compared with the control group (p = 0.0042; odds ratio [OR]: 12.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-96.6 for the MNM group and p = 0.0001; OR: 4.84; 95%CI: 2.2-10.8 for the PLTC group). Severe maternal morbidity increases the risk of longer hospitalization (p < 0.0001; OR: 18.8; 95%CI: 7.0-50.6 and p < 0.0001; OR: 158.17; 95%CI: 17.6-1424,2 for the PLTC and MNM groups, respectively), newborns with low birthweight (p = 0.0006; OR: 3.67; 95%CI: 1.7-7.9 and p = 0.0009; OR: 17.68; 95%CI: 2-153.6) for the PLTC and MNM groups, respectively] as well as renal diseases (PLTC [8.9%; 33/56; p = 0.0069] and MNM [78.6%; 11/14; p = 0.0026]). Maternal near miss cases presented increased risk for neonatal death (p = 0.0128; OR: 38.4; 95%CI: 3.3-440.3]), and stillbirth and miscarriage (p = 0.0011; OR: 7.68; 95%CI: 2.2-26.3]). Conclusion Systemic lupus erythematosus was significantly associated with severe maternal morbidity, longer hospitalizations, and increased risk of poor obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) pode causar danos irreversíveis aos órgãos. A gravidez com LES pode ter riscos para condições ameaçadoras à vida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de MMG em pacientes com LES e analisar os parâmetros que contribuíram para os casos de maior gravidade. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo a partir da análise de dados obtidos de prontuários de gestantes com LES atendidas em um Hospital Universitário no Brasil. As gestantes foram divididas em grupo controle sem intercorrências, grupo com condições potencialmente ameaçadoras a vida (CPAV) e grupo com near miss materno (NMM). Resultados A taxa de NMM foi de 112,9 por 1.000 nascidos vivos. A maioria dos casos de CPAV (83,9%) e NMM (92,9%) teve partos prematuros com risco aumentado estatisticamente significativo em comparação com o grupo controle (p = 0,0042; odds ratio [OR]: 12,05; intervalo de confiança [IC]: 1,5-96,6 para o grupo NMM e p = 0,0001; OR: 4,84; IC95%: 2,2-10,8 para o grupo CPAV). MMG aumenta o risco de maior tempo de internação (p < 0,0001; OR: 18,8; IC95%: 7,0-50,6 e p < 0,0001; OR: 158,17; IC95%: 17,6-1424,2 para os grupos CPAV e NMM, respectivamente), recémnascidos com baixo peso (p = 0,0006; OR: 3,67; IC95%: 1,7-7,9 e p = 0,0009; OR: 17,68; IC95%: 2-153,6 para os grupos CPAV e NMM, respectivamente), bem como doenças renais (CPAV: 58,9%; 33/56; p = 0,0069 e NMM: 78,6%; 11/14; p = 0,0026)]. Os casos de NMM apresentaram risco aumentado para óbito neonatal (p = 0,0128; OR: 38,4; IC95%: 3,3-440,3), natimorto e aborto espontâneo (p = 0,0011; OR: 7,68; IC95%: 2,2-26,3). Conclusão Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico foi significativamente associado à morbidade materna grave, internações mais longas e risco aumentado de desfechos obstétricos e neonatais ruins.

The REBECGA brazilian registry of pregnancy and heart disease: rationale and design

BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality rates in Brazil remain above the goals established by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Heart disease is estimated to affect 4% of all pregnancies and remains by itself the main indirect obstetric cause of maternal death. In the last decades, a significant improvement in the prognosis of heart diseases has made pregnancy possible in women with heart disease and provided better maternal and fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To establish a multicenter Brazilian Registry of pregnant women with heart disease; to study the causes of immediate and late maternal mortality; and to assess the prevalence of heart disease in the country's macro-regions. METHODS: This is an observational study, with retrospective and prospective stages, of the clinical and obstetric progression of pregnant women with heart disease. These women consecutively received care during pregnancy and will be followed up for up to a year after delivery at public and private hospitals with infrastructure for the execution of this project, a principal investigator, and approval by Ethics and Research Committees. RESULTS: Our results will be presented after data collection and statistical analysis, aiming to demonstrate immediate and late maternal mortality rates, as well as the prevalence of heart disease in the country and its cardiovascular and obstetric complications during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: REBECGA will be the Brazilian Registry of heart disease and pregnancy and it will contribute to planning preventive measures, raising financial resources for the improvement of high-risk prenatal care, and reducing immediate and late maternal mortality due to heart disease.

Maternal near miss and potentially life-threatening condition determinants in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: To date, the rates of potentially life-threatening condition (PTLC), maternal near miss (MNM) and maternal deaths in pregnant patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and variables associated to it have not been studied. METHODS: This study was as a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted at São Paulo Hospital of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, a tertiary hospital that provides public medical care through the Brazilian unified health system to high-risk pregnancies. Inclusion criteria were T1DM pregnant women who delivered from January 2005 to December 2015. Three groups were established by the World Heath Organization criteria and associations were assessed using the chi-square test in between MNM and no morbidity or PLTC and no morbidity. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The final sample included 137 patients, 8 MNM cases (5.84%), 51 PLTC (37.23%), no cases of maternal deaths and 78 patients (56.93%) did not present any complication. Moreover, there were 122 live births, resulting in a near miss rate of 65.5 per 1.000 live births in patients with T1DM. Two of the MNM cases were for clinical criteria (uncontrollable fit in both) and laboratory criteria for the other six: one patient with severe acute azotemia (creatinine > 300 µmol/ml), one patient with severe hypoperfusion (lactate > 5 mmol/L) and four of them with loss of consciousness and the presence of glucose and ketoacids in urine. PLTC criteria were studied in MNM and PLTC cases. Prolonged hospital stay was the most prevalent PLTC criteria in both groups (100% of MNM cases and 96% of PLTC), followed by renal failure in 50% of MNM cases and severe preeclampsia in 22% of PLTC cases. This study could not find any association between prenatal factors or sociodemographic characteristics with maternal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: MNM rate in T1DM was extremely high, and determined by complications of the primary disease or hypertensive disorders. No sociodemographic variables studied were related to maternal morbidity; therefore, we could not predict what increases MNM and PLTC in this specific population.

Ressuscitação cardiopulmonar na gestação: uma revisão integrativa / Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnancy: an integrative review

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar dados sobre atendimento à parada cardiorrespiratória na gestação. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2015, em português, inglês e espanhol com a utilização dos seguintes descritores: "Parada Cardíaca"; "Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar"; "Gestante" e "Gestação", nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS e CUMED. A idade gestacional variou de 10 a 41 semanas, as etiologias mais comuns da parada cardiorrespiratória foram embolia pulmonar e trauma, os ritmos foram fibrilação ventricular e atividade elétrica sem pulso e o tempo em parada cardiorrespiratória variou de 15 a 60 minutos. O tratamento foi ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, intubação, administração de epinefrina e cesárea de emergência. Os desfechos mais observados nas mães e recém-nascidos foram alta e bom estado neurológico. Conclui-se que protocolos de atendimento específicos podem respaldar e auxiliar a tomada de decisão da equipe durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, aumentando a sobrevida e diminuindo o dano neurológico nestas pacientes.

The objective of this study was to identify data of compliance in cardiac arrest during pregnancy. An integrative review of articles published between 2010 and 2015 in Portuguese, English and Spanish using the following descriptors: "Cardiac Arrest"; "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation"; "Pregnant" and "Pregnancy" was perfeormed in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS and CUMED. The gestational age ranged from 10 to 41 weeks, the most common etiologies of cardiopulmonary arrest were pulmonary embolism and trauma, the rhythms were ventricular fibrillation and pulseless electrical activity and the time in cardiac arrest ranged from 15 to 60 minutes. Treatment was cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, administration of epinephrine and emergency cesarean section. The outcomes observed in more mothers and newborns were hospital discharge and good neurological status. In conclusion, specific care protocols can endorse and assist the team's decision-making during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, increasing survival and decreasing neurological damage in these patients.

Microcirculation Approach in HELLP Syndrome Complicated by Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Massive Hepatic Infarction.

HELLP syndrome is a complication of severe forms of preeclampsia and occurs mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy. In extreme cases, it may evolve unfavorably and substantially increase maternal mortality. We present the case of an 18-year-old pregnant woman who was admitted to our emergency service in her 31st week, presenting with headache, visual disturbances, and epigastralgia, with progression to a severe condition of HELLP syndrome followed by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and hepatic infarction. We highlight the approach taken towards this patient and the case management, in which, in addition to the imaging examinations routinely available, we also used the sidestream dark field (SDF) technique to evaluate the systemic microcirculation.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome after H1N1 Shot in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Care in the Third Trimester-Case Report.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare neurological disease of progressive installation, usually following a previous acute infectious state, has a rare incidence, especially in pregnancy, and can induce major complications and high mortality risk. Its occurrence, after immunization to influenza during the last trimester pregnancy, has not been reported before. We presented a case of a 36-year-old pregnant woman that was immunized to H1N1 in the last trimester; 10 days later she developed shoulder and lumbar spine's pain, limbs weakness and facial paralysis with unfavorable clinical evolution and was submitted to intensive therapy care. We described clinical and obstetrical approach, pointing out peculiarities involved in this pathology in pregnancy.

Diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case report.

Heterotopic pregnancy is a condition characterized by implantation of one or more viable embryos into the uterine cavity while another one is implanted ectopically, particularly into the uterine tube. Its occurrence has increased drastically over the last few years due to assisted reproduction procedures. In general, the diagnosis is made during the first trimester by using endovaginal two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS), through observing a complex para- or retrouterine mass in association with a viable uterine pregnancy. However, under some conditions such as atypical ultrasonographic presentations, 2DUS does not clarify the situation whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis is able to do so. We present the case of a pregnant woman in her fifth pregnancy, with a clinical condition of lower abdominal pain and pallor. Endovaginal 2DUS showed a complex voluminous mass in the left pelvic region in association with a viable intrauterine pregnancy. 2DUS in power Doppler mode showed "ring" vascularization, compatible with an ectopic gestational sac. MRI was of great importance in that it suggested that the mass had hematic content, which together with the clinical features, indicated that laparotomy should be performed. This surgical choice was essential for the woman to achieve a clinical improvement and for good continuation of the intrauterine pregnancy.

Fulminant adenocarcinoma of the rectum with hepatic metastasis in a young pregnant woman: a case report.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death during the reproductive years, but the incidence during pregnancy is low. The incidence of cancer of the rectum during pregnancy is very rare (1:50,000 to 1:100,000 pregnancies). Usually, the symptoms of this type of cancer are nonspecific and sometimes they are confused with normal changes of pregnancy. The diagnosis of rectal cancer is usually made in the late stage of pregnancy. The treatment of this cancer involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but each type of treatment involves risks to the fetus and the pregnant woman. We present a case of a young primiparous woman who had a quick and bad evolution of an adenocarcinoma of the rectum diagnosed during pregnancy. This patient had extensive involvement of the liver with metastasis and she died two weeks after diagnosis. In this case, we present the clinical, radiological and pathology findings of this disease.

Caso complexo: Maria do Socorro

O caso Maria do Socorro trás à tona um dos problemas que se mostrou mais vulnerável à estruturação da atenção básica através da ESF: mortalidade materno - infantil. Com a situação de uma gestante com múltiplos problemas, chama atenção para a importância da vigilância em saúde e responsabilidade territorial das equipes de ESF mediante situações de alto risco. Permite o exercício da integralidade, uma vez que Maria Socorro vive uma situação de alteração emocional, é soropositiva, asmática e tabagista, com intenção de abortar. Exige da equipe flexibilidade para atendimento, o que possibilita a discussão da importância do acolhimento e da política nacional de humanização. No que diz respeito à atenção primária a saúde, além da integralidade, o caso exemplifica a importância da coordenação do cuidado, acesso, da abordagem familiar e da gestão da prática clínica. Por fim, permite a discussão aprofundada dos seguintes temas clínicos: - Aborto - Asma e tabagismo - Lesões orais relacionadas à imunossupressão - Cuidados no pré-natal - HIV e transmissão vertical